Journal:

Article Title:

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: The NLRP3 inflammasome are enhanced in the nasal polyps and contributes to the pathological mechanism of CRSwNP. A, The heatmap generated by irGsea indicates significant upregulation of inflammasome-related annotations in CRSwNP, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome. B, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses show that the tissue RNA and protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which are key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, are significantly increased in the CRSwNP patients. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The treatment group received either an MCC950 (T3701, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (10 μM) to inhibit NLRP3 activity or a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO, TMPH-00683, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (150 μM) to act as an inducer, with exposures lasting for 1 h. In contrast, the control group was administered an equivalent volume of PBS to serve as a baseline comparison.

Techniques: Generated, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal:

Article Title:

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS induces activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes epithelial alarmin release in HNEpC. A, LPS stimulation significantly increases NLRP3 inflammasome synthesis in HNEpC. B, Epithelial alarmin IL-33 and TSLP are significantly upregulated in HNEpC after LPR stimulation. C, After treatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, no significant difference was observed in ROS expression between the PBS and LPS groups. The red fluorescence represents ROS. D, MCC90 significantly attenuates LPS-induced increase of IL-33 and TSLP in HNEpC. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The treatment group received either an MCC950 (T3701, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (10 μM) to inhibit NLRP3 activity or a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO, TMPH-00683, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (150 μM) to act as an inducer, with exposures lasting for 1 h. In contrast, the control group was administered an equivalent volume of PBS to serve as a baseline comparison.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal:

Article Title:

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: NOX2 expression is significantly elevated in CRSwNP patients and linked to NLRP3 inflammasome and epithelial alarmin. A, Tissue NOX2 and NOX4 mRNAs are significantly upregulated in the CRSwNP group. B, Immunohistochemistry reveals higher NOX2 expression in the CRSwNP group, predominantly localized in the epithelial layer of the nasal polyps. C. The heatmap indicates a positive correlation between NOX2 and both the NLRP3 inflammasome and epithelial alarmin. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The treatment group received either an MCC950 (T3701, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (10 μM) to inhibit NLRP3 activity or a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO, TMPH-00683, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (150 μM) to act as an inducer, with exposures lasting for 1 h. In contrast, the control group was administered an equivalent volume of PBS to serve as a baseline comparison.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry

Journal:

Article Title:

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: NOX2 induces the release of epithelial alarmin in HNEpC via ROS/NLRPR inflammasome axis. A, Knockdown of NOX2 markedly reduces the LPS-induced increase in ROS levels in HNEpC, as indicated by the red fluorescence representing ROS. B, Knockdown of NOX2 significantly reduces the LPS-induced synthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HNEpC. C-D, Knockdown of NOX2 reduces the LPS-induced synthesis of IL-33 and TSLP in HNEpC, but this effect is reversed by the NLRP3 inflammasome inducer TMAO. E, Transfection with the NOX2 overexpression plasmid enhances the LPS-induced synthesis of IL-33 and TSLP in HNEpC, and this effect is diminished by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The treatment group received either an MCC950 (T3701, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (10 μM) to inhibit NLRP3 activity or a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO, TMPH-00683, TopScience, Shanghai, China) solution (150 μM) to act as an inducer, with exposures lasting for 1 h. In contrast, the control group was administered an equivalent volume of PBS to serve as a baseline comparison.

Techniques: Knockdown, Fluorescence, Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of strains used as challenge organisms for biltong processing in this study.

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Cream

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Response of various strains of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes , and S. aureus when grown in TSB medium at various glucose concentration (0%, 0.25%, 1.0%) at 37 °C ( S. aureus , E. coli O157:H7) or 30 oC ( L. monocytogenes ): ( A ) E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 35150, 41894, 43889, 45756); ( B ) L. monocytogenes (V7-2, 39-2, SCA-2, 383-2); ( C ) S. aureus (ATCC 8095, 13565, 14458, 51740). The values of the average pH for each set of 4 strains is listed above the average graph bar. Data are presented as the mean of triplicate replications and error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean. Means (for average pH) with different letters are significantly different as determined by one-way ANOVA using the Holm–Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences ( p < 0.05); means with different letters are significantly different ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biltong process reduction of beef inoculated with acid-adapted multi-strain cocktails of ( A ) E. coli O157:H7, ( B ) L. monocytogenes , and ( C ) S. aureus . The data represents 2 separate trials performed with triplicate sampling at each sampling point ( n = 6). Duplicate trials with each pathogenic inoculum were analyzed by repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) using the Holm–Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences ( p < 0.05) of treatment; treatments with the same letters are not significantly different ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Sampling

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of individual marinade components and complete marinade on pathogen lethality during biltong processing of beef inoculated with ( A ) E. coli O157:H7 or ( B ) L. monocytogenes . The data represents an average of 2 separate trials performed with triplicate sampling at each sampling point; combined, n = 6 for each sampling period. Treatments with a particular pathogenic inoculum were analyzed by repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) using the Holm–Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences ( p < 0.05) of treatment; treatments with the same letters are not significantly different ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Comparison, Sampling

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temperature (°F) and relative humidity (% RH) oven conditions with ( A ) E. coli O157:H7, ( B ) L. monocytogenes , and ( C ) S. aureus inoculated beef during biltong processing. The temperature and humidity range observed were 75 ± 2.5 °F (23.9 ± 1.4 °C) and 55% ± 1.5% RH, respectively.

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques:

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Water activity (A w ) from interior portions of biltong beef during trials with E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes , or S. aureus, held at 23.9 °C (75 °F) and 55% RH for up to 10 days. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) using the Holm––Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences ( p < 0.05); treatments with the same letter are not significantly different ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Effect of Biltong Dried Beef Processing on the Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus , and the Contribution of the Major Marinade Components

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison microbial lethality of a basic biltong process for >5-log reduction of Salmonella (adapted from ), E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes , and S. aureus (this study). The data represent the average of 2 separate trials, each performed with triplicate sampling at each sampling point (combined, n = 6 for each sampling period). Treatments were analyzed by repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) using the Holm–Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences ( p < 0.05) of treatment; treatments with the same letters are not significantly different ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The various pathogens were confirmed for typical phenotypes on selective and differential agars: L. monocytogenes on modified Oxford agar (MOX, Difco, BD), E. coli O157:H7 on CHROMagar O157 (DRG International, Springfield, NJ, USA) and RAPID E. coli O157:H7 medium (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and S. aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar (Difco-BBL, BD Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); data not shown.

Techniques: Comparison, Sampling